Electron-phonon interactions refer to the coupling between electrons and lattice vibrations (phonons) in a material. This interaction is a fundamental mechanism that plays a crucial role in determining the electronic and thermal properties of solids. When an electron moves through a material, it can interact with the surrounding lattice vibrations, leading to changes in the electronic structure, such as energy levels and band structure. This phenomenon is important in a wide range of research areas, including condensed matter physics, semiconductor devices, and superconductivity. Understanding and controlling electron-phonon interactions is essential for developing new materials and technologies with desired electronic and thermal properties.